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Section DI Cloze Test (20 marks, 1 mark each)

Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A9 B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.

From childhood to old age, we all use language as a means of broadening our knowledge of ourselves and the world about us. When humans first 36 ，they were like newborn children, unable to use this 37 tool. Yet once language developed, the possibilities for human kind’s future 38 and cultural growth increased.

Many linguists believe that evolution is 39 for our ability to produce and use language. They 40 that our highly evolved brain provides us with a(n) 41 language ability not found in lower organisms. Supporters of this innateness theory say that our 42 for language is inborn, but that language itself develops gradually, as a function of the growth of the brain during childhood. Therefore there are critical 43 times for language development.

Current 44 of innateness theory are mixed； however, evidence 45 the existence of some innate abilities is undeniable. Indeed, more and more schools are discovering that foreign languages are best taught in 46 grades. Young children often can learn several languages by being 47 to

them, while adults have a much 48 time learning another language once the rules of their first language have become firmly fixed.

49 some aspects of language are undeniably innate, language does not develop automatically in a vacuum. Children who have been 50 from other human beings do not possess language. This demonstrates that 51 with other human beings is necessary for proper language development. Some linguists believe that this is even more basic to human language 52 than any innate capacities.

These theorists view language 53 imitative, learned behavior. 54 ，children learn language from their parents by imitating them. Parents gradually shape their child’s language skills by 55 reinforcing precise imitations and negatively reinforcing imprecise ones.

36. A. generated B. evolved C. bom D. originated

37. A. valuable B. appropriate C. convenient D. favorite

38. A. attainments B. feasibility C. entertainments D. evolution

39. A. essential B. available C. reliable D. responsible

40. A. confirm B. inform C. claim D. convince

41. A. innate B. basic C. inspiring D. outgoing

42. A. potential B. performance C. preference D. passion

43. A. ideological B. biological C. social D. psychological

44. A. reviews B. reference C. reaction D. recommendation

45. A. opposing B. supporting C. encouraging D. discouraging

46. A. various B. different C. the higher D. the lower

47. A. revealed B. exposed C. engaged D. involved

48. A. hard B. easy C. harder D. easier

49. A. Although B. Whether C. Since D. When

50. A. distinguished B. different C. protected D. isolated

51. A. exposition B. comparison C. contrast D. interaction

52. A. acquisition B. appreciation C. requirement D. alternative

53. A. to be B. into C. as D. of

54. A. As a result B. After all C. In other words D. Above all

55. A. negatively B. positively C. negative D. positive

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