摘要:英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)始于單詞,考研英語(yǔ)大綱當(dāng)中也要求考生至少要熟練掌握5500左右的單詞數(shù)量。以下是希賽網(wǎng)整理的考研英語(yǔ)詞匯(十九),希望能對(duì)各位考生有所幫助。
考生們多記單詞不僅能幫助自己理解文章,還能在寫(xiě)作時(shí)豐富內(nèi)容。希賽網(wǎng)整理了考研英語(yǔ)常用詞匯(十九),供各位研考生查看參考。更多考研英語(yǔ)詞匯內(nèi)容,點(diǎn)擊考研英語(yǔ)常用詞匯匯總進(jìn)行查看。
高頻詞:
1. ban [b??lu?n] n./v.
n. 禁令
v. 明令禁止,取締;禁止(某人)做某事
常用搭配:ban on sth. 禁令
to impose/lift a ban 頒布 / 解除禁令
ban sb. from sth./from doing sth. 禁止(某人)做某事
例句:There is to be a total ban on smoking in the office.
辦公室將徹底禁止吸煙。
He was banned from driving for six months.
他被禁止駕駛六個(gè)月。
拓展:
同:forbid, bar, enjoin, prohibit
派:banning 禁止的;禁止,禁令
2. barely [?be?li] adv.
adv. 僅僅,剛剛,勉強(qiáng)可能;幾乎不,幾乎沒(méi)有;剛好,不超過(guò);剛才,剛剛
例句:We barely had time to catch the train.
我們差點(diǎn)沒(méi)趕上火車(chē)。
He was barely 20 years old and already running his own company.
他只有20歲,卻已經(jīng)營(yíng)起自己的公司了。
拓展:
同:scarcely, hardly, merely, simply
3. basis [?be?s?s] n.
n. 原因,緣由;基準(zhǔn),準(zhǔn)則,方式;基礎(chǔ),要素,基點(diǎn)
構(gòu)詞:bas 低,下;基礎(chǔ) + is 表性質(zhì) → 基礎(chǔ)
常用搭配:on a daily/day-to-day/weekly basis 按每天 / 每日 / 每周一次的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
on the basis of 根據(jù);基于…
例句:She was chosen for the job on the basis of her qualifications.
她因資歷適合而獲選擔(dān)任這項(xiàng)工作。
The basis of a good marriage is trust.
美滿(mǎn)婚姻的基礎(chǔ)是信賴(lài)。
拓展:
同:elements, foundation, base, bed, bottom
派:basilar 基部的
4. behalf [b??hɑ?f] n.
n. 代表,利益
常用搭配:in behalf of sb./ in sb.'s behalf 為幫助某人
on behalf of sb./ on sb.'s behalf 代表(或代替)某人;因?yàn)槟橙?,為幫助某?
例句:We collected money in behalf of the homeless.
我們?yōu)閹椭鸁o(wú)家可歸者而募捐。
Mr Knight cannot be here, so his wife will accept the prize on his behalf.
奈特先生不能來(lái),因此由他的夫人代他領(lǐng)獎(jiǎng)。
拓展:
同:representation, deputy, benefit, sake, profit
5. benefit [?ben?f?t] n./v.
n. 優(yōu)勢(shì),益處,成效;福利費(fèi);褔?yán)?,?jiǎng)金;慈善(或公益)活動(dòng)
v. 有用,使受益;得益于,得利于
常用搭配:for sb.’s benefit 為幫助某人;為某人的利益
give sb. the benefit of the doubt 假定某人說(shuō)實(shí)話(huà),假定某人沒(méi)有錯(cuò)
benefit from/by sth. 得益于,得利于
例句:I have typed out some lecture notes for the benefit of those people who were absent last week.
我?guī)蜕闲瞧谌毕娜舜蛴×诵┥险n的要點(diǎn)。
Small businesses are well situated to benefit from the single market.
小企業(yè)所處的形勢(shì)有利于從單一市場(chǎng)中受益。
拓展:
同:advantage, profit, behalf, sake, profit, advantage
派:beneficial 有益的,有利的;可享利益的
beneficiary 擁有封地的,受圣俸的;受益人,受惠者,封臣
benefic 有益的
benignant 良性的,仁慈的,有益的,和藹的
beneficially 受益地;獲利地;有使用權(quán)地
benignantly 有益地;親切地;仁慈地
低頻詞:
1. audience [???di?ns] n.
n. 觀眾,聽(tīng)眾;讀者;會(huì)見(jiàn),覲見(jiàn),進(jìn)見(jiàn)
構(gòu)詞:audi 聽(tīng) + ence 表名詞 → 聽(tīng)的人 → 聽(tīng)眾
例句:The debate was televised in front of a live audience.
這場(chǎng)辯論當(dāng)著現(xiàn)場(chǎng)觀眾的面進(jìn)行電視轉(zhuǎn)播。
The Prime Minister will seek an audience with the Queen later this morning.
今天上午晚些時(shí)候首相將會(huì)覲見(jiàn)女王陛下。
拓展:
同:watcher, observer, onlooker, spectator, reader
2. audio [???di??] adj.
adj. 聲音的;錄音的
例句:This digital audio player supports multiple formats.
這臺(tái)數(shù)字音頻播放器支持多種格式。
She uses her vocal training to record audio tapes of books for blind people.
她利用接受的聲樂(lè)訓(xùn)練給盲人錄制磁帶圖書(shū)。
拓展:
同:vocal, sonic
3. audit [???d?t] n./v.
n. 審計(jì),稽核;審查,檢查
v. 審計(jì),稽核;旁聽(tīng)
構(gòu)詞:audit 聽(tīng) → 旁聽(tīng),引申為審計(jì)
常用搭配:an annual audit 年度審計(jì)
a tax audit 稅項(xiàng)審計(jì)
例句:The bank first learned of the problem when it carried out an internal audit.
銀行是在進(jìn)行內(nèi)部審計(jì)時(shí)最先得知這個(gè)問(wèn)題的。
Each year they audit our accounts and certify them as being true and fair.
他們每年對(duì)我們進(jìn)行賬務(wù)審核,以確保其真實(shí)無(wú)誤。
拓展:
同:examine and verify
派:auditory 聽(tīng)覺(jué)的,耳朵的;聽(tīng)眾,禮堂
auditive 耳朵的;聽(tīng)覺(jué)的
auditorial 查帳的,稽查的
audition 聽(tīng)力,聽(tīng)覺(jué),試聽(tīng);試聽(tīng),試音
auditor 審計(jì)員;聽(tīng)者;旁聽(tīng)生
4. auditorium [???d??t??ri?m] n.
n. 聽(tīng)眾席,觀眾席;禮堂,會(huì)堂
構(gòu)詞:audit 聽(tīng) + orium 地點(diǎn),場(chǎng)所 → 聽(tīng)宣講的地方 → 禮堂
例句:The auditorium pulsed with excitement.
禮堂里洋溢著熱烈的氣氛。
Men in green army uniforms are sprinkled throughout the huge auditorium.
穿著綠色軍服的人星星點(diǎn)點(diǎn)地分布在整個(gè)大禮堂中。
拓展:
派:auditory 聽(tīng)覺(jué)的,耳朵的;聽(tīng)眾,禮堂
5. augment [??ɡ?ment] v.
v. 增加;提高;擴(kuò)大
構(gòu)詞:aug 增加 + ment 智力 → 增大
例句:While searching for a way to augment the family income, she began making dolls.
為了想法子增加家庭收入,她開(kāi)始制作洋娃娃。
The government’s first concern was to augment the army and auxiliary forces.
政府關(guān)心的首要問(wèn)題是擴(kuò)充軍隊(duì)及輔助隊(duì)伍。
拓展:
同:improve, gain, accelerate, enhance, boost, jack, mount, hot
派:augmented 增廣的;增音的;擴(kuò)張的
augmentative 擴(kuò)大的;增大意義的
augmentation 增加,增大;增加物
6. aunt [ɑ?nt] n.
n. 姑母;姨母;伯母;嬸母;舅母;阿姨
例句:She kept her promise to visit her aunt regularly.
她信守諾言,定期去看望姑媽。
His natural mother was unable to care for him so he was raised by an aunt.
他的生母不能照顧他,所以他是姑姑撫養(yǎng)大的。
拓展:
派:aunty 舅媽?zhuān)?阿姨
7. aural [???r?l] adj.
adj. 聽(tīng)覺(jué)的;聽(tīng)的
構(gòu)詞:aur 耳朵 + al ……的 → 和耳朵有關(guān)的 → 聽(tīng)覺(jué)的
例句:He became famous as an inventor of astonishing visual and aural effects.
他因發(fā)明了神奇的視聽(tīng)效果而出名。
Many courses have as a primary objective the development of aural comprehension and speaking ability.
許多課程都把聽(tīng)說(shuō)能力的培養(yǎng)作為其主要目標(biāo)。
拓展:
同:acoustic, auricular
派:aurally 聽(tīng)覺(jué)上;聽(tīng)起來(lái)
aura 光環(huán);氣氛;預(yù)兆;氣味
8. authentic [???θent?k] adj.
adj. 真正的,真品的,真跡的;真實(shí)的,真正的;逼真的
例句:She has authentic charm whereas most people simply have nice manners.
她散發(fā)出真正的魅力,而大多數(shù)人只是舉止優(yōu)雅。
It is crucial that all documents presented are authentic and easily verifiable.
所有提交的文件必須真實(shí)且易于查證,這一點(diǎn)很關(guān)鍵。
拓展:
同:actual, sincere, genuine, true, real
派:authentically 真正地,確實(shí)地;可靠地
authentication 證明;鑒定;證實(shí)
authenticity 真實(shí)性,確實(shí)性;可靠性
authenticate 鑒定;證明…是真實(shí)的
9. author [???θ?(r)] n./v.
n. 著者,作者,作家;創(chuàng)造者,發(fā)起人
v. 著作;寫(xiě)作;編寫(xiě)
例句:As the author of the proposal I cannot agree with you.
我作為提案的發(fā)起人不能同意你的意見(jiàn)。
The author’s treatment of the subject is exhaustive.
該作者對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題的分析很透徹。
拓展:
同:writer
派:authorship 原創(chuàng)作者,來(lái)源;作者的身份;著述業(yè)
authoress 女作家,女作者
10. apartment [??pɑ?tm?n] n.
n. 公寓;房間
構(gòu)詞:a 加強(qiáng) + part 部分;分開(kāi) + ment 表名詞 →〔樓房〕分出的一部分 → 公寓
常用搭配:serviced apartment 酒店式公寓
compound apartment 復(fù)式住宅
例句:We rented an unfurnished apartment.
我們租了一套不帶家具的公寓。
She gave the apartment a once-over.
她匆匆掃視了一下那間公寓。
拓展:
同:chamber, flat
11. ape [e?p] v./n.
n. [脊椎] 猿;傻瓜;模仿者
v. 模仿
常用搭配:go ape 暴跳如雷;激動(dòng)異常
例句:Ape conservation tackles both of these issues head on.
類(lèi)人猿保護(hù)直接解決這兩個(gè)問(wèn)題。
We used to ape the teacher’s southern accent.
我們過(guò)去常模仿老師的南方口音。
拓展:
同:simulate, pattern, imitate
12. apologize [??p?l?d?a?z] v.
V. 道歉,謝罪
常用搭配:apologize earnestly 真誠(chéng)道歉
apologize for 道歉
例句:Should I call him and apologize?
我是不是應(yīng)該打電話(huà)向他道歉?
We apologize for the loss of vision.
很抱歉沒(méi)法顯示畫(huà)面。
13. apology [??p?l?d?i] n.
n. 道歉;謝罪
構(gòu)詞:apo 離開(kāi),遠(yuǎn)離 + log 說(shuō)話(huà) + y 表行為 → 為了遠(yuǎn)離〔爭(zhēng)吵〕說(shuō)的話(huà) → 道歉
常用搭配:official apology 道歉
apology to sb. (for sth.) 道歉;謝罪
例句:I think we’re owed an apology.
我認(rèn)為得有人向我們道歉。
We received a letter of apology.
我們收到了一封道歉信。
14. appal [??p??l] v.
v. 使……大為震驚,使……驚駭
例句:They are appal at the news.
他們對(duì)這消息害怕了。
The newspaper reports of starving children appal led me.
報(bào)紙對(duì)饑餓兒童的報(bào)道使我大為震驚。
拓展:
同:fall, astound, appall
15. apparatus [??p??re?t?s] n.
n. 裝置,設(shè)備;儀器;器官
構(gòu)詞:ap 加強(qiáng) + par 準(zhǔn)備 + atus → 準(zhǔn)備好用的東西 → 設(shè)備
例句:One of the boys had to be rescued by firemen wearing breathing apparatus.
其中的一個(gè)男孩得由戴著呼吸設(shè)備的消防隊(duì)員們營(yíng)救。
They lacked the scientific personnel to develop the technical apparatus much further.
他們?nèi)鄙龠M(jìn)一步研發(fā)這些技術(shù)設(shè)備的科技人員。
拓展:
同:device, furniture, facility
16. appear [??p??(r)] v.
v. 出現(xiàn);顯得
常用搭配:appear for/on behalf of sb. 出庭;出庭當(dāng)……的律師
例句:She will appear in court tomorrow.
她明天出庭。
At dusk bats appear in vast numbers.
蝙蝠于傍晚時(shí)分大批出現(xiàn)。
拓展:
同:occur, figure, offer, come out
17. appearance [??p??r?ns] n.
n. 外貌,外觀;出現(xiàn)
構(gòu)詞:appear 出現(xiàn) + ance 狀態(tài),性質(zhì),狀況 → 出現(xiàn);外表
常用搭配:appearance quality 外觀質(zhì)量
attractive appearance 造型美觀
例句:Don’t be fooled by his appearance.
不要被他的外表所蒙蔽。
She sets great store by her appearance.
她十分看重自己的外貌。
拓展:
同:occurrence, aspect, emergence, external, outside
18. appendix [??pend?ks] n.
n. 附錄;闌尾;附加物
構(gòu)詞:ap 表加強(qiáng) + pend 懸掛 + ix → 掛在后面的 → 附錄
常用搭配:appendix to tender 招標(biāo)附錄
appendix clamp 闌尾夾
例句:We are not certain whether the appendix had already burst or not.
我們不能確定闌尾破了沒(méi)有。
The book also includes an appendix with a listing of all U.S. presidents.
這本書(shū)還包含一個(gè)列有所有美國(guó)總統(tǒng)的附錄。
拓展:
同:supplement
19. appetite [??p?ta?t] n.
n. 食欲;嗜好
常用搭配:loss of appetite 厭食
good appetite 很好的胃口
例句:All otters have a voracious appetite.
所有的水獺都有一個(gè)貪吃的胃口。
The sandwich took the edge off my appetite.
這份三明治使我食欲大減。
拓展:
同:weakness, habit, hobby
20. applaud [??pl??d] v.
v. 贊同;稱(chēng)贊;向……喝彩
構(gòu)詞:ap 加強(qiáng) + plaud 拍手,鼓掌 → 使勁鼓掌 → 拍手喝彩
常用搭配:censure applaud 責(zé)罵
applaud sb 贊揚(yáng)某人
例句:We applaud her decision.
我們稱(chēng)贊她的決定。
He started to applaud and the others joined in.
他開(kāi)始鼓掌,其他人也跟著鼓起掌來(lái)。
拓展:
同:cheer for, give it up
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