閱讀理解

Part II

Reading Comprehension(40 points)閱讀理解一

Passage One

A report published recently brings bad news about air pollution. It suggests that it could be as damaging to our health as exposure to the radiation from the 1986 Ukraine nuclear power disaster the report was published by the UK Royal commission on environmental Pollution but what can city people do to reduce exposure to air pollution? Quite a lot, it turns out.

Avoid walking in busy streets. Choose side streets and parks instead. Pollution levels can fall a considerable amount just by moving a few meters away from the main pollution source exhaust fumes(煙氣). Also don t walk behind smokers. Walk on the windward side of the street where exposure to pollutants can be 50 percent less than on the downwind side.

Sitting on the drivers side of a bus can increase your exposure by 10 percent, compared exposure. It is difficult to say whether traveling on an underground train is better or worse than taking the bus air pollution on underground trains tends to be less toxic than that at street level, because underground pollution is mostly made up of tiny iron particles thrown up by wheels hitting the rails but diesel and petrol fumes have a mixture of pollutants.

When you are crossing a road, stand well back from the curb while you wait for the light to change. Every meter really does count when you are close to traffic. As the traffic begins to move fumes can be reduced in just a few seconds so holding your breath for just a moment can make a difference, even though it might sound silly.

There are large sudden pollution increases during rush hours. Pollution levels fall during nighttime. The time of year also makes a big difference. Pollution levels tend to be at their lowest during spring and autumn when winds are freshest. Extreme cold or hot weather has a trapping effect and tends to cause a build-up of pollutants.

最近發(fā)布的一項報告給我們帶來了關(guān)于空氣污染的壞消息。報告表明，空氣污染可能會像暴露在19陽年烏克蘭核電災(zāi)難的輻射中一樣損害我們的健康。該報告是由英國皇家環(huán)境污染委員會發(fā)布。城市居民怎樣做才可以減少暴露于空氣污染呢？相當(dāng)多，結(jié)果如下。  避免走在繁忙的街道上。選擇走人行道和公園。只需通過離開主要污染源—廢氣煙氣）幾米遠(yuǎn)，污染程度都會大大降低。也不要在吸煙者后面走。在迎風(fēng)側(cè)的街道上走，這樣污染物可以比下風(fēng)側(cè)的街道上少和％。

坐在公共汽車?yán)锺{駛員一側(cè)與坐在靠人行道一側(cè)相比你曝露在污染物中會增加0％坐在雙層公共汽車的上層可以減少暴露在污染物中。很難說乘地鐵比乘公共汽車更好或更差。地鐵甲的空氣污染比在街頭往往毒性較低，因為地下污染主要是由被擊中軌道的微小的鐵顆粒組成。但是，還有一些柴油和汽油混合污染物。當(dāng)你過馬路時，要站在離路邊遠(yuǎn)的地方等信號燈。你接近交通每近一米就有很大的不同。當(dāng)車輛開始移動時，氣體會在幾秒鐘內(nèi)減少。所以屏住呼吸一小會兒，受到的污染就會不同，即使這聽起來有點兒傻。

在交通高峰時間空氣污染有較大的突發(fā)性的增加。在夜間污染水平會下降。一年里不同的  時間也會有很大的不同。污染水平往往是在春秋時有風(fēng)的期間最低。極度的寒冷或炎熱的天氣  會有一種陷阱效應(yīng)．這時污染物易于積聚。

1.What is the passage mainly about?答:How to breathe fresh air in big cities.

2.According to the report, air pollution in big cities can be more serious than we used to think

3.When you walk in a busy street, you should walk on the side where the wind is coming

4.If you take a bus in a big city in China, you should sit on the right side in the bus

5.It is implied in the passage that the air pollution on an underground train is less poisonous.